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Manifesto for Walloon culture
The Manifesto for Walloon Culture (), was published in Liège on 15 September 1983 and signed by seventy-five "key figures in artistic, journalistic and university circles"〔Dimitrios Karmis and Alain Gagnon, ''Federalism, federation and collective identities in Canada and Belgium: different routes, similar fragmentation'' in Alain Gagnon, James Tully (editors) ''Multinational Democracies'', Cambridge University Press, 2001,pp. 137–170, p. 166 ISBN 0-521-80473-6〕 of Wallonia.
Among the signatories was Jean-Jacques Andrien, film director; Maurice Bologne, professor; Aimée Bologne-Lemaire, professor; Guy Cabay, musician; Didier Comès, comics artist; Jacques Dubois, professor at the University of Liège; Francis Édeline, (Groupe µ); Léopold Genicot, historian; Thierry Haumont, writer; André Lange (sociologist) European Audiovisual Observatory; Michel Quévit, professor at the Université catholique de Louvain; René Hausman, comics artist; Steve Houben, musician; Jean-Marie Klinkenberg, professor at the University of Liège (Groupe µ); Patrick Leboutte, cinema critic; Jean Louvet, Paul Meyer, film director ''The film director Paul Meyer, that founded the Walloon, cinema'': (Wip ); Thierry Michel, film director;〔(Mobutu King of the Zaïre )〕 Philippe Minguet (Groupe µ); Jacques Nihoul, scientist; Jean-Claude Servais (), comics artist; Hadelin Trinon (Groupe µ); Yvon Vandycke, painter; José Verdin, General Federation of Belgian Labour...
==Belgian context==
"For years, Francophone Belgian elites defended the principle that there were no difference between French culture in Belgium and in France. Confronted with a unified Flemish community, the idea of a unified French culture, still referring to the big partner in the south though stressing the Belgian context now, had to be valid for both Walloons and Francophone ''Bruxellois'', so excluding a separate Walloon culture.".〔Michael Keating, John Loughlin, Kris Deschouwer;''Culture, Institutions, and Economic Development: A Study of Eight European Regions'' Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham, 2003 ISBN 1-84064-701-9〕 On the political plan, the Belgian Constitution revised in 1971 was a compromise between federalism with two (Flanders-Wallonia) and federalism with three (Flanders-Wallonia-Brussels). The former was more a response to the Flemings' wishes (two major cultural communities); the latter corresponded more to the Walloons' wishes (three economic regions). Flemings would rapidly merge the two institutions, Community and Region. It was easier for them because there are more or less two hundred thousand Flemings in Brussels in front of six million Flemings in Flanders. But there are almost one million French-speaking inhabitants in Brussels in front of only 3.5 million Walloons.
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